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The impact of media sport events on the active participation of young people and some implications.. |
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...for PE pedagogy
This article addresses the impact of selected sports media events on the active participation of a group of young people aged 14/15. Its particular focus is on an intense period of media sport coverage during the European Soccer Championships (Euro '96), the Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championships and the Atlanta Olympics and on how a group of British young people articulate ways that consumption of these products creates opportunities and challenges for their own sports participation.
The data reported here focus on one aspect drawn from a wider media sport and audience investigation designed within a hermeneutic and interpretative methodological framework. Through daily diaries and interviews this article draws particularly on young people's interpretations of sport and media as competing leisure activities and lifestyle choices; ways in which they perceive that watching sport provides them with new motivations and opportunities for physical activity; and the potential of sport media messages and images to 'inform and fashion performance'.
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Learning to be a ‘Rugger Man’: High School Rugby ... |
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....and Media Constructions of Masculinity in Japan
Although rugby is not as popular as baseball or soccer (since 1993) its national championships attract considerable media attention that is evenly split between the soccer championships held in Tokyo and the overlapping rugby championships held in Osaka. There are approximately 1200 high schools and 300 junior high schools fielding rugby teams in Japan and, for the boys who are members of the teams that qualify, the annual national championships constitute the culmination of three years of sustained effort at senior high school. The more committed high school teams may train almost daily for up to twelve months of the year and for many boys playing at this level it can provide access to university education and employment. As such it forms a highly significant experience in the formation of their masculine identity and the way that the media represents the ‘ritual’ at the championships at Hanazono represents a powerful force in the development of adolescent masculinity. This article examines the ways in which television and print media represent the practice of high school rugby football at the Japanese high schools national rugby championships and its role in the construction of a hegemonic masculinity. More specifically, it looks at the selective processes through which the media present events on the field and represent a diverse community as homogenous and uniform (King & Rowse, 1983), conforming to a dominant model of masculinity.
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Rogue Men and Predatory Women: Female Fans' Perceptions of Australian Footballers' Sexual Conduct |
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The 2004 Australian Football League and National Rugby League seasons started amidst claims made by women about players behaving inappropriately towards them. A raft of allegations surfaced in the media, prompting nationwide debate on the issue of sportsmen and violence. While sport sociologists have made important inroads toward understanding sexual misconduct by male athletes, much of this research appears to focus on the socio-cultural factors informing the perpetrators' actions. This study takes a different approach, analysing the perspectives of female Australian rules football fans to consider gendered narratives of sexual misconduct. Our findings demonstrate that discourses of individualism, along with a mix of socio-cultural and biological arguments, are used by women to reconcile players' misconduct with continuing support of their sport.
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The Televised Sports Manhood Formula |
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Recent research indicates that the televised sports that U.S. boys watch most include pro basketball, pro football, pro baseball, Extreme sports, sports highlights shows, and the dramatic pseudosport of pro wrestling. Based on a textual analysis of these televised sports shows and their accompanying commercial advertisements, the authors identify 10 recurrent themes concerning gender, race, aggression, violence, militarism, and commercialism that, together, they call the Televised Sports Manhood Formula. This formula is a master ideological narrative that is well suited to discipline boys’ bodies, minds, and consumption choices in ways that construct a masculinity that is consistent with the entrenched interests of the sports/media/commercial complex. However, the authors note some discontinuities and contradictory moments within and between sports media texts and call for audience studies to explore the various ways that boys interpret, use, or negotiate the Televised Sports Manhood Formula.
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Men Like Us, Boys Like Them |
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Football (or soccer) hooliganism is a complex, heterogeneous, and dynamic phenomenon that should be studied in its different social and historical contexts. Despite the vital importance of cultural, social, and historical specificity for fully grasping the nature and dynamics of spectator violence at football matches, some striking cross-national and cross-local similarities can be identified. Six fundamental features seem universal to the construction of "hooligan" identities: excitement and pleasurable emotional arousal, hard masculinity, territorial identifications, individual and collective management of reputation, a sense of solidarity and belonging, and representations of sovereignty and autonomy. The search for such commonalities allows researchers to develop an approach that transcends the isolated view of single manifestations of football hooliganism and identifies the features and mechanisms that are central to expressions of football-related violence.
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