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Peer relationships in physical activity contexts: a road less traveled in youth sport and exercise . |
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....psychology research
Background and Purpose. While it is well established that social agents contribute to the quality of youth physical activity experiences, relatively little research has specifically explored peer relationships in physical activity settings. Rather, the bulk of research on social agents has focused on teachers, coaches, and parents. The purpose of this paper is to provide justification for pursuing youth peer relationships research and present conceptual and methodological issues of relevance to such efforts.
Methods. The existing literature base on peer relationships in physical activity contexts is overviewed, emphasizing the contribution of peers to self-perceptions, moral attitudes and behaviors, affect, and motivation.
Results and Conclusions. Promising future research directions are forwarded, focusing on (a) the possible contribution of peer relationships research to understanding self-presentational processes and developmental transitions, (b) the importance of examining the interaction of peer relationships and other social relationships in the physical activity context, and (c) the value of using the physical activity setting to promote quality peer relationships.
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How High School Athletes Talk about Maternal and Paternal Sporting Experiences |
Identifying Modifiable Social Processes for Gender Equity Physical Activity InterventionsDespite increased structural opportunities through Title IX, adolescent females in the US continue to participate in physical activity less than males. This persistent pattern suggests gender stereotypes might subtly groom girls’ and boys’ choices about health behaviors. Although communication can shape gender stereotypes, the majority of physical activity studies employ social influence frameworks (i.e. social learning theory) that ignore this important dimension of influence. Because the family is a primary socializing agent where gender roles are learned, the current qualitative interview study of high school basketball players illustrates: (1) how communication within the family context prompts learning about parental role models in sport; (2) how adolescents talk about maternal and paternal sports participation. This research suggests that communication is an important modifiable social process for physical activity interventions that include a family influence component.
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Conceptions of children and adolescents with physical disabilities about their participation ... |
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...in a sports programme
Sport and leisure can be of soignificant importance for the well-being and social support of children and adolescents with physical disabilities. However, it has been established that organized sport sometimes has a social construction, in that those without disabilities are favoured at the expense of others. The aim of this study was, therefore, to describe conceptions of children and adolescents with physical disabilities about their participation in a sports programme. Using questions based on a holistic view of the human being, 20 children and adolescents were interviewed. The method of analysis used was inspired by phenomenography. Six categories emerged: getting new friends, learning, strengthening one’s physique, becoming someone, experiencing nature and having a good time. The findings show the great diversity of sports participation. Further, the conceptions mirror the difficulty of dividing people into groups and of delimiting important areas. The findings highlight the importance of programmes where actors from different sections of society cooperate. Even if the findings cannot be generalized, they nevertheless demonstrate that physical activity involves many positive factors both at the individual and at the society level.
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Female Athletes' Perceptions of Parental Influences |
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This investigation employed components of Eccles' (Eccles & Harold, 1991; Fredricks & Eccles, 2004) Expectancy-Value Model to examine the relationship between athletes' perceptions of their parents' beliefs and expectancies and competitive anxiety and performance expectancies. Elite field hockey players (N = 416), completed measures of goal orientations (TEOSQ), competitive anxiety (CSAI-2) and expectancies, as well as perceptions of their parents' goal orientations (Parental Perception TEOSQ) and expectancies. MANOVAs identified relationships between confidence and self expectancies, perceived parental expectancies, and the importance of doing well at the tournament. Specifically, athletes who placed greater importance on and who had higher expectations revealed higher levels of confidence than those who placed less importance on and had fewer expectations. Athletes who perceived their parents to have high expectations exhibited greater levels of confidence than those who perceived their parents to have lower expectations. However, athletes who believed their parents placed greater importance on their success showed higher levels of both confidence and cognitive anxiety than athletes who believed their parents placed less importance on doing well. A canonical correlation between goal orientations and competitive anxiety indicated that task involvement was positively related to confidence and ego involvement was positively related to cognitive anxiety. Overall, parental expectancies were viewed positively and supported Eccles' Expectancy-Value Model
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Hugs or Shrugs: Parental and Peer Influence on Continuity of Involvement in Sport by Female .... |
...Adolescents
A study examined the influence of significant others on continuing involvement in sport by adolescent females. Influence of parents and male and female peers was found to have a significant effect on continuity of involvement in sports.
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"Babes" & Boards: Opportunities in New Millennium Sport? |
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The proliferation of action or extreme sports in recent years leads to a reassessment of fundamental, foundational questions regarding the nature of sport. One such question is Does the much-vaunted alternative ethos of action sports lead to a concomitant paradigm shift in fundamental attitudes toward race, class, or gender differences within these new sport forms? In this article, the focus is on advertising in slick, national skating magazines and more particularly on the gendered nature of advertising and how it reflects and promotes gender segmentation in markets. In examining such print advertising, several metathemes emerge: There are images that (a) reify the naturalized maleness of North American sport;(b) objectify girls and woman as a naturalized position; (c) objectify girls and woman in sexualized manners, so that they create misogynist views in their audiences; and (d) attempt to set up the brand advertisers as outlaws, as oppositional to mainstream sport culture.
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Youth Sports As Serious Leisure: A Critique |
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It has been suggested that serious leisure can reduce problems resulting from meaningless leisure because serious leisure requires sustained and committed involvement. Youth sport participation has traditionally been viewed as a positive leisure involvement because of its contribution to healthy lifestyles and character development. These benefits can be compromised when parents and coaches engage in youth sport as their own serious leisure. This article examines the positive and negative implications of youth sports as serious leisure for children and adults. Stebbins's six qualities of serious leisure—personal effort, perseverance, career, subculture, identification, and long-lasting benefits—are discussed, as well as the role of parents and coaches. Suggestions for improving the youth sports experience are also provided.
BSC: NB:
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Women's Football in the UK: Theorizing Gender and Unpacking the Butch Lesbian Image |
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This article draws on recent quantitative and qualitative research material to show how gender functions in the cultural arena of women’s football in the United Kingdom. In particular, the questionnaire and interview findings show that the "butch lesbian" identity is a concern for those players who have taken part in the research. This supports other research on women taking part in sports traditionally defined as male. I will discuss the findings as they relate to the social construction of gender and lesbianism. The research suggests that our understanding of gender and sexuality is bound up in a structuralist analysis. I will offer a post-structuralist interpretation as a "new" way to theorize gender and sexuality as they function within women’s football culture in the United Kingdom.
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Intertextuality, Tobacco Sponsorship of Sports, and Adolescent Male Smoking Culture |
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A Selective Review of Tobacco Industry Documents
This article uses the concept of intertextuality (Kristeva, 1984) to analyze the sport sponsorship strategies of tobacco manufacturers in Canada; it is based on evidence taken from tobacco industry documents that were publicly accessible from Canadian and U.S. court proceedings. Through commissioned research on adolescent male smoking, the industry has endeavored to isolate those groups most likely to start smoking; then, it has sought to reach and influence these groups through sponsored activities that link the sponsoring cigarette brands intertextually to desirable, peer-defined attributes, identities, and personalities. The article focuses on the sponsorship strategies of the following three Canadian cigarette brands: Player's, Export `A,' and Dunhill. They are manufactured by Imperial Tobacco Ltd., JTI-Macdonald Corp., and Rothmans, Benson & Hedges Inc., respectively.
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